Fissure Sealants: Benefits, Materials, and Effectiveness
What Are Fissure Sealants?
Dental fissure sealants are a protective coating applied to the chewing surfaces of back teeth (molars and premolars) to prevent cavities. These teeth often have deep grooves and pits where food and bacteria can get trapped, making them harder to clean and more prone to decay. Sealants fill these grooves, creating a smooth surface that makes brushing more effective and shields the enamel from harmful acids.
History of Fissure Sealants
The concept of sealing teeth to prevent decay dates back to the 1960s when researchers explored materials that could form a barrier over teeth. Early efforts involved materials like cyanoacrylate, but they weren’t durable or safe for long-term use. By the 1970s, advancements in dental science led to the introduction of resin-based sealants, which proved more effective and long-lasting. Since then, sealants have become a widely accepted and recommended preventive treatment, particularly for children and teenagers.
Materials Used in Sealants
Modern fissure sealants are typically made from either resin-based or glass ionomer materials. Resin-based sealants are the most common, offering durability and a strong bond to the tooth surface. They can be clear, white, or slightly tinted, making them easy for dentists to check during follow-ups.
Glass ionomer sealants, while less durable, are less technique- sensitive to place and release fluoride over time, which can help strengthen teeth and further prevent decay. Both types are safe and effective, making them excellent tools in preventing cavities.
BPA-free dental sealants are available and are an excellent choice for protecting teeth while addressing concerns about potential exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). These sealants offer the same cavity-preventing benefits as traditional sealants without containing BPA or its derivatives.
Effectiveness of Fissure Sealants
Studies have shown that fissure sealants can reduce the risk of cavities by up to 80% in the first year after application and continue to provide protection for several years. They are especially effective for children and teenagers whose permanent molars are at high risk of decay. However, adults with deep grooves in their teeth can also benefit. Sealants are a quick, painless procedure that offers long-lasting protection, making them an important part of preventive dental care.